Verb Master 動詞達人

Early-Life Microbes Ward Off Asthma
不乾不淨  吃了沒病 (童年時身上的細菌可預防氣喘)
By Steve Mirsky on March 14, 2017

影音說明檔：https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B-Bg0auB-gcoamdzdWF3UElDTkU

“Asthma(氣喘) is a very prevalent(普遍的、盛行的) disease in our society now. It wasn’t so 50 years ago. And we now realize that the very early life microbes seem to have set you up or not for asthma(幫助你有應付氣喘或不得氣喘).”
Microbiologist Brett Finlay, from the University of British Columbia. In a study of Canadian infants, his team found “at three months of age, which is a really tiny little kid, there are four microbes, if you had these four microbes you had very very low risk of getting asthma, if you didn’t have these microbes you were at very very high risk of asthma.”
氣喘是當今社會很常見的疾病，五十年前不是這樣子的，我們現在知道非常小時候的身體上的微生物可以幫你對付氣喘或不得氣喘。
加拿大英國哥倫比亞大學微生物學家布雷特芬力說道。在一份加拿大嬰兒的研究報告，他的團隊發現三個月大的時候，還是非常小的孩子，有四種微生物，如果你有這四種就不太容易得氣喘，如果你沒有，你得到氣喘的機率就很高很高。

Finlay spoke February 17th at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Boston. Where he also discussed a recent follow up(緊跟在後的、更進一步的) study among kids in rural Ecuador(厄瓜多爾的農村).  
“And a big risk factor associated with asthma whether they had potable (安全可飲用的), clean water. So ironically the kids that got the clean water had higher asthma rates than the kids that had the dirty water. 
芬利在二月十七日波士頓舉辦的美國科學促進會年會上發表演說，他還討論後續對厄瓜多爾農村小朋友的相關研究。
「是否喝安全乾淨的飲用水是和氣喘相關高風險因子，非常諷刺的是，喝乾淨水的小朋友感染氣喘的比率比喝髒水的小朋友高。

“Now that makes sense in terms of(從…方面來說) microbial acquisition (攝取、獲得)…it makes sense but I must admit I was surprised to see that, you’d think if we clean the water up that’s good for the world…this is all part of the big ‘hygiene hypothesis(衛生假說)’…I say we’re suffering from a hygiene hangover(衛生宿醉), we have cleaned our world up too much, and we’re just not getting the microbes that our grandparents got. And as a result that’s affecting(打動) many, many of the diseases that we experience in our society that we didn’t experience a hundred years ago... 
「現在從攝取微生物的方面來看，就顯得有道理，雖然有道理，我必須承認我對這句話很震驚，大家都認為把水弄乾淨有益於世界，這是衛生假說的大主題，我意思是，我們都遭受一種衛生的宿醉，我們把世界打掃得太乾淨了，我們不再有祖父輩身上的微生物，愛乾淨的結果是它驚動了人類百年前都未曾遭遇的疾病。

“And one of the things that I’m starting to realize is that maybe these microbes are actually endangered species and you think about your great grandkids(玄孫), they’re gonna have very different microbes than you do and as we urbanize(都市化) more and more our microbes become less diverse(多樣的). And anyone that knows ecosystems, that’s not good, you want large diversity in rainforests, same as your microbes.
「我開始明白的其中一件事情是，或許這些微生物實際上瀕臨絕種，你想想你的玄孫，他們身上將會有跟你完全不同的微生物，隨著我們越來越都市化，微生物的種類就越來越少，任何懂生態的人都知道，這不是好事，我們希望雨林生物豐富的多樣性，微生物也是同一個道理。

“So there are people that are bio-banking things(生化儲存這類的事，比方儲存幹細胞), I’m not suggesting that maybe you should biobank your poop(大便) now and give it to your great grandkids, I don’t know. But…I worry we’ve gotten too clean and we have to ease off (緩和 減緩) a bit…because we’ve taken a piece of our evolution right out of our bodies. We’ve evolved with these microbes all along, and they’re just not there anymore and I think we’re starting to see the effects in these diseases.
有人做生化儲存這樣的事，我不是建議大家把便便存起來給後代子孫，或許可能吧，但是，我擔心我們弄得太乾淨，我們必須緩一緩，因為這麼做是把身體的進化的其中一塊扔掉(take out)，一直以來我們都和微生物共同進畫，現在它們沒了，我認為接下來就是要面對疾病的後果。